According to the characteristics of the high altitude, the long period of low temperature in winter and the poor economic base in the Loess Plateau mountainous areas, the hen house of the brick arch structure with small windows was designed and built. The parameters of the primary environmental factors in the hen house were analysed and measured. The results showed that adopting the natural ventilation system but not artificial heating installation, the average month temperature in a year was within 10.2 ℃～26.5 ℃, the relative humidity was within 53.9%～62.5% and the CO₂ concentration was below 0.15% in the hen house.Moreover, the cost of building the hen house of the brick arch structure was 29.4% lower than that of the brick log structure and 35.5% lower than that of the concrete roof structure. The production performance of layers in the hen house was improved. So the hen house was suitable in the Loess Plateau areas to develop the poultry industry.