The innovation and advance of agricultural engineering science and technology is the only way to realize agricultural modernization of China. On the basis of the new situation of agricultural development of China, the status and roles of the related agricultural engineering technologies in realizing the two basic transformations, i.e. transformation from increasing use of land to expand production to intensive farming and from traditional agriculture to modernized agriculture, replying the challenges resulted from China's entry to the WTO and promoting the agricultural industrialization, are analyzed. The main contents of technological innovation in seed engineering technologies, agricultural products and by-products processing technologies, technologies for reasonable use of agricultural resources, facility agricultural technologies, agricultural mechanization technologies, agricultural information technologies, etc. are put forward. In order to promote agricultural engineering science and technology innovation, it is suggested that the following work should be emphatically done well, i.e. renewing the idea, speeding up tackling key problems of agricultural engineering technologies, introducing and assimilating foreign advanced practical engineering technologies, giving full play to the organizations, institutes, centers majored in agricultural engineering science and technology, etc.