The experiments of single mulch and dual mulch were carried out on the chestnut orchard soil with wheat straw and black and colorless plastic film. The results showed that the water conservation effects of all the mulch treatments were more significant than the contrast, but there was a difference in the effect on temperature because of different treatments. The dual mulches not only improved temperature and water significantly but also enriched the soil, and increased average organic matter content, available P, available K, porosity, and yield increased 0.1%, 1.2 mg·kg^-1, 5.7 mg·kg^-1, 3.21% and 10.70% more than the single film mulch respectively. The total effect was as follows: black plastic film and wheat straw dual mulch>colorless plastic film and wheat straw dual mulch>wheat straw mulch>black plastic film mulch>colorless plastic film mulch>contrast.