Concepts and bounds of terms of biomass, biomass resources and biomass industry were defined in this paper. Developmental potential of biomass resources in China was analyzed. Aiming at the problems of agriculture, farmers and rural development at present and national requirement of energy and environment securities in the next 10 to 15 years, four developmental trends of biomass industry in China and the world, including biomass power, ethanol, biodiesel, biopolymers and dedicated energy crops and trees were discussed. A developmental pattern of bioenorgy of modern biomass industry with agriculture and forestry was briefly introduced. It is significant for development of biomass industry to settle the problem of farms and accelerate the agricultural industrilization and rural development.