Increasing temperature and keeping soil moisture effect of mulching plastic film have brought a positive and important progress in agricultural productivity, and also the residue of mulching plastic film in the field has already become a negative factor that affected agricultural environment, which destroyed soil structure and harmed growth of crop. Based on results of domestic study on this issue, the authors comprehensively analyzed the application situation of mulching plastic film in agriculture, and the distribution characteristics as well as the influencing factors, the harm ways of the residue of mulching plastic film. According to the actual situation, the techniques of preventing and controlling measures for residue pollution of mulching plastic film were put forward.