The quality evaluation of cultivated land is the base of cultivated land consolidation, scientific basis for special planning and project design of cultivated land consolidation are provided. The basic request of cultivated land consolidation is considered, two fundamental factors about natural and using condition of cultivated land were selected to establish the index system of quality evaluation of cultivated land. The cultivated land was divided into four ranks in Poyang Lake region with the multi-factors synthesis method. According to its spatial different characteristics and main limit factors of the quality of cultivated land, some advises were raised on cultivated land consolidation. A new method for decision-making of cultivated land consolidation is provided.