Evaluation of soil ecological environment quality is the key foundation of the development, utilization as well as protection of the black soils. On the basis of previous research, Nenjiang county, Keshan county, Wudalianchi city and Hailun city of Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research region at macro and mesoscale, considering the influence factors and the existing status of soil ecological environment quality under the guidance of the standard of evaluation of soil environment, and using grading standards proportional, Delphi method and fuzzy comprehensive assessment were used to establish evaluation system of black soil ecological environment quality in the research region. The system included 13 factors related to soil erosion, soil pollution and degradation of soil fertility. The results indicated that there were some differences in soil environment of Heilongjiang Province. Specifically, the soil quality in Nenjiang, Wudalianchi and Keshan areas was slightly lower tham the mediumlevel, however the soil quality of Hailun was worse than that of three other cities. In the end, a series of measures including land management, engineering and farming technology were taken to improve the soil quality.