Mechanical root-cutting technology is an important high-yield cultivation measure of winter wheat sowing. Root-cutting shovel is the key working components of mechanical root-cutting of wheat, and whether the design of the working parameters is reasonable, determines the mechanical root-cutting effect of wheat and the operating quality of root-cutting. Through the test parameters and analysis of root-cutting shovel, root-cutting mechanisms were proposed,root-cutting effect and the operating quality with different structure parameters were trially studied, and the best parameters to meet the demand for wheat root cutting were attained. The results showed: with the increase of the wing-open angle 2g of root-cutting shovel, the role of sliding-cutting was reduced, and winding and blocked weed was increased; the smaller the soil-cutting angle b0 was, the better root-cutting capacity would be; soil-smashing angle β had an assistant effect for wheat root-cutting; the bigger soil-entering angle a and root-cutting shovel’s breadth B were, the more quantity of roots would be cut,while the more serious digging-up the soil, wheat seedings injured and irregular earth surface were. The reasonable working parameters of root-cutting shovel were: g =45°, β=12°, b0 =18°, a =8.5°, B=8 cm. The results provide a basis for the design of wheat root-cutting machine.