Abstract: Technology of continuous pyrolysis is an effective method of disposing biomass, and the shaftless-screw-conveying pyrolysis reactor, which is a kind of device with great development prospects, can not only reduce the weight of the conveying mechanical components, but also provide effective space for the removal of volatile products. At present, there were few researches on the biomass continuous pyrolysis characteristics with the shaftless screw conveying reactor. So, the continuous pyrolysis of rice husk, peanut shell and cassava stalk was investigated on the shaftless-screw-conveying reactor, and the product distribution, the pyrolysis gas components and the pyrolytic charcoal characteristics of the 3 biomasses at different pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed. The pyrolysis characteristics were compared with the existing pyrolysis technology, and the material adaptability of the reactor was discussed. This paper provided a theoretical basis for the determination of the process parameters of biomass continuous pyrolysis and the utilization of pyrolysis products of different biomass materials. The results showed that the distribution of pyrolysis products was consistent with other pyrolysis reactors. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the charcoal yield decreased gradually, the gas yield increased, and the liquid yield increased firstly and then decreased, which reached the maximum at 450℃. The maximum liquid yield of rice husk, peanut shell and cassava stalk was 35.24%, 33.04% and 31.94% respectively. The gas yield and liquid yield presented a competitive relationship. For different bio-materials, the order of the charcoal yield from high to low was: rice husk > peanut shell > cassava stalk, the liquid yield from high to low was: rice husk > peanut shell > cassava stalk, and there were contrary rules between the gas yield and the liquid yield. The pyrolysis gas was mainly composed of CO2, CH4, H2, C2H4 and CO and the gas component content was influenced by temperature greatly. With the increase of reacting temperature, the content of the combustible gas rose, and non-combustible gas components declined. The relative content of combustible gas in pyrolysis gas reached 75% at reaction temperature 650℃. Different bio-materials had little effect on the composition and content of the gas. The industrial analysis results of the pyrolysis carbon were related to that of the raw materials. With the pyrolysis temperature increasing, the volatile content of the pyrolysis charcoal decreased gradually, and the ash and the fixed charcoal content increased. There were differences of the functional groups among different kinds of charcoals, the surface functional groups of peanut shell charcoal was more abundant than that of rice husk charcoal. In the 3 kinds of charcoals, the highest contents of volatile, ash and fixed carbon were obtained from cassava stalk charcoal, rice husk charcoal and peanut shell charcoal respectively. The structure characteristics of raw material had a greater influence on the surface morphology of carbon. The surface functional groups of low-temperature-pyrolysis charcoal were very rich, the type of the surface functional groups reduced gradually with the pyrolysis temperature increasing. The surface structure of biomass materials continued to be destroyed, and pore structure appeared when the pyrolysis temperature increased. The structure characteristics of raw material had a significant influence on the surface morphology of carbon, and the surface pore structure of peanut shell charcoal and cassava stalk charcoal was more than rice husk charcoal.