不同种植模式冬小麦产量与耗水量的模糊综合评判
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国家自然科学基金项目(51279157);河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(12A210018);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目;华北水利水电大学高层次人才科研启动项目


Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on yield and water consumption of winter wheat with different cropping patterns
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    摘要:

    产量和耗水量是作物节水高产栽培的参考依据。该文采用改进的模糊综合评判模型,从种植方式、灌水处理2个层次和7个指标对冬小麦的耗水量和产量进行了模糊综合评价。结果表明:在宽垄种植、水分处理为70%的控制下限的条件下,小麦的水分生产效率最高,即水分处理为田间持水量70%的宽垄种植方式为最优种植模式。水分处理为田间持水量70%的宽垄种植和水分处理为田间持水量60%的宽垄种植处理的水分生产效率分别为1.91、1.88 kg/m3,两者相差仅为0.03 kg/m3。因此,当水资源较充足时,种植灌溉方式采取水分处理为田间持水量70%的宽垄种植处理模式;当水资源较匮乏时,种植灌溉方式采取水分处理为田间持水量60%的宽垄种植处理模式。模糊综合评判方法得出水分处理为田间持水量70%的宽垄种植方式,冬小麦产能最优,与大田试验得出的结论相吻合,故而模糊综合评判方法可以应用于节水灌溉评价方面。

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    Yield and water consumption are the reference of crop water-saving and high-yield cultivation.In this paper, the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate fuzzily and comprehensively the water consumption and yield of winter wheat from the 2 levels and 7 indicators of cropping patterns and irrigation treatments.The experiment, from October 2012 to June 2013, was conducted at water test site(34°51′ N, 113°49′ E) in Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture Farming, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power.Two kinds of planting patterns were designed in the experiment, which were respectively the wide ridge planting pattern and conventional planting pattern.Meanwhile, 3 kinds of irrigation ways were designed for each planting pattern, which were respectively 60%, 70% and 80% of field moisture capacity.The yield and water consumption of winter wheat through field trials were studied using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the yields under the wide ridge planting pattern with 60%, 70% and 80% of field moisture capacity were respectively 6 352.97, 7 589.96 and 7 963.77 kg/hm2; and the water consumption amounts during the whole growth period were respectively 337.91, 398.24 and 443.59 mm.While the corresponding yields and water consumption amounts of conventional planting pattern were respectively 6 202.4, 7 352.33 and 7 801.04 kg/hm2 and 364.17, 424.75 and 475.51 mm.Compared with the conventional planting pattern, the yield under the wide ridge planting pattern was higher, and the amount of water consumption during the whole growth period was less.The wide ridge planting pattern had a number of advantages compared with the conventional planting pattern.For example, when it was watering under the wide ridge planting, the rate of flooding was significantly faster, and water in the trench flowed slowly to infiltrate into both sides of the ridge body during the irrigation time.Therefore, the wide ridge planting pattern was much more saving water than the conventional planting pattern.In addition, the wide ridge planting could effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation area, and reduce the amount of water consumption per unit output of winter wheat.The water use efficiency of the treatment with wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity was 1.91 kg/m3, while that with conventional planting and 60% of field moisture capacity was 1.88 kg/m3.The water use efficiency of winter wheat under the condition of wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity was the highest, which meant that it was the optimal planting and irrigation mode.The difference between maximum and minimum of water use efficiency was 0.03 kg/m3.Therefore, when the water resource of the area was abundant, the planting and irrigation mode with wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity could be taken as the best choice; when the water resource of the area was relatively scarce, the best choice was the conventional planting combined with 60% of field moisture capacity.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results are in agreement with the field test results, which indicates the feasibility of this method in the application of water saving irrigation.

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汪顺生,刘东鑫,孟鹏涛,王康三,李欢欢.不同种植模式冬小麦产量与耗水量的模糊综合评判[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):161-166. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2016.01.022

Wang Shunsheng, Liu Dongxin, Meng Pengtao, Wang Kangsan, Li Huanhuan. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on yield and water consumption of winter wheat with different cropping patterns[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(1):161-166. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2016.01.022

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-16
  • 最后修改日期:2015-11-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-12-30
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