Bamboo, which is called “the second forest”, is one kind of the major forest resources.China ranks first in terms of bamboo species, planting areas, growing forest stock, and bamboo harvests in the world.During the process of bamboo utilization, 60%~70% of bamboo harvests were removed as residues which included bamboo branches, leaves, shoot apex, joint, skin, tabaxir, sawdust and shoot shell.In order to make full use of bamboo resources and explore new products, many studies on comprehensive utilization of bamboo residues were carried out since 1980.In order to utilize bamboo residues more efficiently, further studies on new technologies of processing bamboo residues are needed and summarized as follows: 1) Gathering and rough handling on raw materials.For example, preferential policies, crushing technologies and crushing machinery on bamboo raw materials are needed to encourage farmers to gather harvested or processed bamboo residues.2) Making full use of the major ingredients of bamboo and developing new products on functional components.We should exploit more products from cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to evaluate the utilization level, and extract lignin from processed bamboo remains to get corresponding lignin products.Besides, many components such as proteins, amino acids, saccharides, alcohols, esters, ketenes and mineral elements could be extracted and then made into favorite products.3) Exploiting new and special machinery for crushing, compressing, moulding, pyrolysising, liquefying, and fermenting to solve the problems from current equipments.These problems are high energy-consuming, heavy wearing, short service life, frequent breakdown and high cost.Utilization and processing technology should be improved also for efficient ways to solve the problems such as thermal degradation of cellulose, poor interface compatibility between cellulose and thermoplastic, cellulose dispersing and flowing difficulty in matrix resins(frequently happened in bamboo-plastic composites processing), excess emission of formaldehyde from wood-based panels and resin adhesive, low bio-oil yield from pyrolysising or liquefying, high acidity, strong corrosion and lack of stability of bio-oil made from bamboo residues.4) Promoting added value of bamboo products and exploiting refined processing products of bamboo residues.Bamboo residues could be used to extract many substances such as alcohol, ether, glycerol, saccharides in liquefied bamboo products, and acid, aldehyde, ketone, phenol in bio-oil.Refined liquefying products and high-quality bio-oil could be obtained as well.Finally, these substances could be made into high added value products.In conclusion, full use of bamboo residues is promising, but further study and new technology is urgently needed.