群养猪侵略性行为的深度学习识别方法
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十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500506);中央高校自主创新基金(2662018JC003,2662018JC010,2662017JC028)


Recognition method for aggressive behavior of group pigs based on deep learning
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    摘要:

    为了解决因传统机器视觉和图像处理方法的局限性以及复杂的猪体姿态和猪舍环境导致对群养猪侵略性行为识别的有效性、准确率较低的问题,该文基于深度学习的方法,提出使用3D CONV的群养猪侵略性行为识别算法- 3DConvNet。分3个批次采集18头9.6 kg左右的大白仔猪视频图像,选用第一批次中包含28 d内各个时段的撕咬、撞击、追逐、踩踏4大类,咬耳、咬尾、咬身、头撞头、头撞身、追逐以及踩踏7小类侵略性行为以及吃食、饮水、休息等非侵略性行为共计740段(27 114帧)视频作为训练集和验证集,训练集和验证集比例为3:1。结果表明,3D ConvNet网络模型在训练集上的识别准确度达96.78%,在验证集上识别准确度达95.70%。该文算法模型对于不同训练集批次的猪只以及不良照明条件下依然能准确识别侵略性行为,算法模型泛化性能良好。与C3D模型进行对比,该文提出的网络模型准确率高出43.27个百分点,单帧图像处理时间为0.50 s,可满足实时检测的要求。研究结果可为猪场养殖环境中针对猪只侵略性行为检测提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Pigs like to fight with each other to form a hierarchy relationship in groups. Aggressive behaviors, mostly fighting, are frequently found in intensive pig raising facilities. Strong aggressive behaviors can cause other pigs lack of food and water, growing slowly, wounds, sick and even dead in serious situation. This considerably reduces health and welfare of pigs and further decreases economic benefits of pig industries. Monitoring and recognizing aggressive behaviors among pig group is the first step to manage the aggressive behaviors in group pigs effectively. Traditional human recording method is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This method can't be used 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Machine vision technique brings an automatic monitoring method to solve this problem. In this paper, we introduced a new method for aggressive behaviors monitoring based on deep learning. The experiments were held under controlled environments, which were achieved in an environment-controlled chamber designed previously. The details of the chamber were depicted in a published paper written by our research group. Nursery pigs were fed under three different concentration levels of NH3 gas, which were <3.80 mg/m3, 15.18 mg/m3, 37.95 mg/m3, with a suitable temperature of around 27 ℃ and the comfortable humidity between 50%-70%. Each nursery group had six pigs and were weight around 9.6 kg. During each 28 days' experiment of three concentration levels of NH3, videos were taken from the top of the chamber. An end-to-end network, named 3D CONVNet, was proposed for aggressive behavior recognition of group pigs in this paper, which based on a C3D network and built with 3D convolution kernels. The network structure of the 3D CONVNet was improved in both width and depth dimensions. The number of main convolutional layers was increased to 19, extra batch normalization and dropout layers were added to deepen the network. Furthermore, the multi-scale feature fusion method was introduced to widen the network. This improvement had bettered the performance of the algorithm considerably. To train the 3D CONVNet, 380 aggressive (14 074 frames) and 360 none-aggressive videos (13 040 frames) were chosen from experimental videos recording in experiments of two concertation levels. These videos were randomly divided into training set and validation set, and the ratio of each set is 3:1. Another 556 aggressive videos and 510 none-aggressive videos from the three experimental batches were chosen to build the testing set. There was no overlap among training set, validation set, and testing set. Results showed a total of 981 videos, including aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors, was correctly recognized from the whole 1066 testing videos. The precision of the 3D CONVNet was proved to be 92.03% on testing set. Among them, the precision, recall rate and F1-Score for aggressive behaviors were 94.86%, 89.57%, and 92.14%, respectively. The precision for different NH3 concentration experimental levels were 94.29%, 89.44%, and 85.91%, respectively, which showed the generalization performance of the 3D CONVNet. With the similar heat environments, the 3D CONVNet also showed the good performances under different illumination condition. The comparison with C3D,C3D_1 (19 layers) and C3D_2 (BN) networks resulted in 95.7% on validation set, 43.27 percent higher than the C3D network. The recognition on single image using the 3D CONVNet was only 0.5 s, which was much faster than the other three networks. Therefore, the 3D CONVNet was effective and robust in aggressive behavior recognition among group pigs. The algorithm provides a new method and technique for aggressive behavior auto-monitoring of group pigs and helps improve establishment of auto-monitoring system in pig farms and manage level of pig industry.

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高云,陈斌,廖慧敏,雷明刚,黎煊,李静,罗俊杰.群养猪侵略性行为的深度学习识别方法[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(23):192-200. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2019.23.024

Gao Yun, Chen Bin, Liao Huimin, Lei Minggang, Li Xuan, Li Jing, Luo Junjie. Recognition method for aggressive behavior of group pigs based on deep learning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2019,35(23):192-200. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2019.23.024

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-10
  • 最后修改日期:2019-10-29
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-16
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