CO2浓度和温度对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300905);河北省研究生创新能力资助项目(CXZZBS2019165)和河北省水利科研与推广计划项目(2018-43)。


Effects of CO2 concentration and temperature on leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency in maize
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    摘要:

    利用可精准控制CO2浓度的大型人工气候室,探讨提高CO2浓度和温度对玉米生长、气体交换参数、荧光参数及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,温度显著影响玉米的生长过程,但CO2浓度对玉米的生物量、叶面积和株高的变化均未产生显著影响。另外,在25/19 ℃和31/25 ℃温度条件下,净光合速率(Pn)对温度的响应并没有受到CO2浓度的影响,但在37/31 ℃高温环境下,CO2浓度升高导致玉米的Pn显著提高16.4%(P<0.05),表明在高温条件下,升高CO2浓度能增加玉米的净光合速率。此外,玉米叶片的水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)随温度升高而显著下降,但CO2浓度升高条件下的玉米叶片WUE明显高于自然CO2浓度,表明CO2浓度升高可以降低升温对玉米叶片WUE的影响。但在不同环境温度条件下,CO2浓度升高缓解高温对叶片WUE产生影响的机理存在差异,较低温度时CO2浓度升高通过降低叶片的蒸腾速率提高WUE,而在高温条件下主要是由于CO2浓度升高能有效缓解高温对Pn的伤害,进而促进叶片WUE的提升。研究结果可为深入理解未来气候变化对玉米生长及水分利用效率产生的影响提供参考,为应对气候变化的农田管理策略制定提供数据支撑和理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Elevated atmospheric CO2 has resulted in climate warming since the end of 21th century due to its greenhouse effect. Global warming coupled with elevated CO2 concentration could have a drastic consequence for physiological processes of maize (Zea mays L.), a stable plant with C4 photosynthetic pathway. Understanding photosynthetic processes, transpiration and water use efficiency of maize under different CO2 concentration and temperature would shed insight into how maize would respond to climate change. Using growing chambers, we measured growth, photosynthesis and water use efficiency of maize grown in six chambers with day/night temperature controlled at 25/19℃to 37/31℃ at ambient CO2 concentration (400 μmol/mol) and elevated CO2 concentration (800 μmol/mol), respectively. Other factors in the chambers were kept the same, with the relative humidity being 55% - 65%, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) being 1000 μmol/m2·s, and daily 12 h photoperiod for 60 days. In each treatment, we measured the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf water use efficiency (WUE), using a portable photosynthesis system (Licor-6400). In addition, we also measured plant biomass, leaf area, total carbon and nitrogen contents, and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in the plant. The results showed that the temperature had a dramatic impact on growth of the maize, whereas the biomass and height of the plants grown under the elevated CO2 were almost the same as those grown under the ambient CO2. It was also found that the response of Pn to temperature was not affected by CO2 when temperature was 25/19℃ and 37/31℃, while the elevated CO2 increased Pn by 16.4% (P<0.05) when temperature was risen to 37/31℃, suggesting that CO2 elevation might have improved the tolerance of maize to thermal stress thereby reducing thermal damage to maize leaves. Warming significantly increased soluble sugars concentrations, especially the concentration of fructose, when temperature was risen from 25/19℃ to 31/25℃, but followed by a decline when temperature was further risen to 37/31℃, alluding that thermal stress might have suppressed the photosynthesis leading to a decrease in soluble sugars content of the leaves. At temperature 37/31℃, the elevated CO2 boosted soluble sugars in the leaves due to the increased photosynthetic rates, while a further temperature rise reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves. The elevated CO2 enhanced WUE by ameliorating the adverse effect of temperature on WUE, but under different mechanisms. When temperature was 25/19℃ and 31/25℃, the elevated CO2 improved WUE due to the reduction in Tr, while when the temperature was 37/25℃, the elevated CO2 alleviated the adverse effect of temperature on photosynthesis to improve WUE. The results suggested that climate warming may reduce Pn and WUE of maize, but the associated elevated atmospheric CO2 could alleviate the adverse impact of the warming on Pn thereby improving the WUE. These findings are helpful for adequately assessing the consequence of climate change for growth and water use efficiency of maize and have important implication for ecosystem management in response to climate change.

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刘亮,郝立华,李菲,郭丽丽,张茜茜,何春霖,郑云普. CO2浓度和温度对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(5):122-129. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2020.05.014

Liu Liang, Hao Lihua, Li Fei, Guo Lili, Zhang Xixi, He Chunlin, Zheng Yunpu. Effects of CO2 concentration and temperature on leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency in maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2020,36(5):122-129. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2020.05.014

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-15
  • 最后修改日期:2020-02-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-03-24
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