Abstract: Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is an important means to promote agricultural modernization in poor areas. But rural ecosystem service functions will be influenced by the large-scale construction of photovoltaic power plants in the underdeveloped regions. The construction of ground photovoltaic power station can provide several benefits including low-pollution and low-emission power for poor families, inhibits sandstorms formation and enhances surface water resources by battery panels and brackets. However, the production of modules and the construction of ground photovoltaic power station will cause energy consumption and emissions, which lead to climate warming and environmental pollution. This study comprehensively considers the positive and negative effects of the atmosphere, soil, water resources, and nutrient cycling etc. from photovoltaic poverty alleviation project, uses the ecosystem service payment method to build an ecosystem service index evaluation system, as well as economic value assessment models of positive impact and economic loss assessment models of negatively impact. Determine the compensation subject and compensation object according to the "the beneficiaries and environmental influencers pay, the victims compensated", three feasible compensation schemes are proposed for the purpose of making up the economic loss of the compensation object and for the feasible condition that the economic values of compensation subject are still surplus after paying compensation. By redistributing the economic value in the economic, environmental and social dimensions obtained by the beneficiaries and environmental influencers, the compensation standard is determined, and the situation of poverty alleviation after compensation is compared and judged. Taking the ground village level photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station in Yanling County as an example, the typical county level photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in northeast, northwest and southwest areas are selected for verification. The results showed that: In 2018, the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in Yanling County had a positive impact economic value of 7.9699 million yuan and a negative impact economic loss of 1.0511 million yuan, and the positive impact was 7.58 times of the negative impact; Among the 460 participants, the average photovoltaic grid connected income per person was 1 971.59 yuan, which was far lower than the minimum poverty alleviation standard of 3 468.16 yuan; In the first compensation scheme, the poor households are both the compensation object and the compensation subject, and the per capita net income of compensation is only 1 294.09 yuan, which could not get rid of poverty; In the second and third compensation schemes, the poor households are only the compensation objects and do not pay compensation. The per capita income reaches 3 527.3 yuan, which is higher than the minimum poverty alleviation standard; Horizontal comparison shows that the three ecological compensation schemes have helped the poor in the Yanshou County, Shuicheng County and Datong County to increase their income and get rid of poverty; Longitudinal comparison shows that the effects of ecological compensation in four regions are the same as in Yanling County, and the second and third compensation schemes enable poor households to obtain more income. The results show that environmental protection and poverty eradication will be realized in coordination through a good design of ecological compensation mechanism.