戴尔有孢圆酵母调控晚采小芒森葡萄酒乙酸和香气
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国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD1002500);国家现代农业(葡萄)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-jg-03);宁夏回族自治区重大研发计划项目(2020BCF01003);西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技成果推广项目(TGZX2019-27)


Managing volatile acidity and aroma of Petit Manseng wine using Torulaspora delbruekii
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    摘要:

    为降低甜型葡萄酒中的挥发酸,进一步增加其香气复杂度,该研究利用本土戴尔有孢圆酵母R12与酿酒酵母NX11424同时接种和顺序接种发酵,研究其对贺兰山东麓产区晚采小芒森葡萄酒乙酸及香气成分的调控。与酿酒酵母单菌发酵相比,本土戴尔有孢圆酵母与酿酒酵母按照5:1、20:1、50:1的不同菌体数量比例同时接种和间隔5 d顺序接种发酵,均可以显著降低晚采小芒森葡萄酒的乙酸含量,其乙酸产率分别降低19.1%、21.2%、38.2%和48.9%。此外,按20:1比例同时接种发酵,可显著提高晚采小芒森葡萄酒中萜烯类和降异戊二烯类等品种香气物质含量,和乙酸异戊酯、丁酸乙酯及苯乙醇等发酵香气物质的含量。该研究表明合理的酿酒酵母接种发酵能有效降低高糖原料酿造葡萄酒挥发酸含量,为贺兰山东麓产区葡萄酒新产品的开发提供了的技术参考。

    Abstract:

    Volatile acids are usually associated with undesirable “sour” and “bitter” descriptors. The fermentation of high sugar grape juice/must using chilled, botrytised or late harvested grapes often leads to the production of higher amounts of volatile acidity, which adversely impacts the overall wine quality. This work aims to minimize the formation of volatile acidity, and further improve aroma complexity during high sugar fermentation. The potential application of indigenous Torulaspora delbruekii R12 was evaluated using late harvested Petit Manseng from east foot hill of the Helan Mountain. Petit Manseng juice with 300 g/L of sugar was filter sterilized prior to inoculation. Three inoculation strategies were used: 1) single fermentation with either pure R12 or indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae NX11424 at 1×106 cells/mL; 2) co-inoculation of R12 and NX11424 at the rate of 5:1, 20:1, and 50:1, among which the inoculum of R12 was 1×106 cells/mL; 3) 1×106 cells/mL of R12 was inoculated prior to the inoculation of NX11424 after 5 d at the same rate. Fermentation samples were collected every 48 h to measure the residual sugar and the formation of acetic acid using enzymatic analysis. Yeast viability was also determined via serial dilution and plating on WLN agar medium. Fermentation was terminated with the addition of 60 mg/L SO2 on the day of the 20th. Final ferments were centrifuged and stored for subsequent analysis on volatile compounds via head-space-solid phase micro extraction–gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). NX11424 monoculture fermentation was rapid, when utilizing 255 g/L of sugar in 20 d, whereas, the sugar consumption of R12 fermentations was relatively slower, almost halted at 20 d. Nevertheless, the fermentation power was much stronger in all the co-inoculated fermentations than that in both the R12 monoculture fermentations and the sequentially inoculated fermentations. Correspondingly, the viability of both yeast strains in each fermentation was inversely related to sugar consumption. In terms of acetic acid(the major component responsible for volatile acidity), NX11424 monoculture fermentation produced 1.2 g/L acetic acids, which fell just around the legal threshold. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the amount of acetic acid for both co-inoculation with R12 at the ratio of 5:1, 20:1, and 50:1, and sequential inoculation. The reduction of acetic acid was in line with the increased proportion of R12 in the mixed inoculum, with the highest decrease being 48.9% at 50:1 co-fermentation, compared with the single fermentation with NX11424. Another noticeable effect was that significantly less abundant acetaldehyde related to oxidative descriptors appeared in wines produced with the combined R12 and NX11424. The reduction of this compound was up to 50% in the mixed culture fermentation, compared with the NX11424 monoculture fermentation. Further, the impact of R12 on aroma profiles of wine was evaluated, where 42 volatile compounds were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS in Petit Manseng wines. It was found that the application of R12 was significantly correlated with the decrease of higher alcohols up to 30 mg/L, compared with the S. cerevisiae control. Significant differences were also observed in the concentration of esters. Specifically, the presence of R12 increased the level of isobutyl aetate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and hexyl butyrate, whereas, remarkably reduced the production of phenethyl acetate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, and ethyl dodecanoate. Lower concentrations of acetoin were also found in the wine samples involving R12. Additionally, a principal component analysis was utilized to clearly separate volatile compounds, where R12 inoculation strategies displayed a distinctive impact on wine aroma profile. In particular, the co-inoculation at the ratio of 20:1 behaved with the greatest potential to enhance both the varietal and the fermentative aromas of the wine. In this scenario, the amount of varietal volatile compounds was remarkably improved, such as terpenes, and C13 demethyl isoprene, whereas, a noticeable increase was also observed in the typical volatile compounds (eg., isoamyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, and phenyl ethanol)derived from fermentation. Therefore, the indigenous T. delbruekii R12 was expected to serve in conjunction with S.cerevisiae, thereby reducing acetic acid for better aroma quality during fermentation with high sugar in grape juice/must. The findings expand current knowledge on the solutions to efficiently minimizing volatile acidity during high sugar fermentations.

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耿仕瑾,姜娇,曲睿,石侃,秦义,刘延琳,宋育阳.戴尔有孢圆酵母调控晚采小芒森葡萄酒乙酸和香气[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(7):293-300. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2021.07.036

Geng Shijin, Jiang Jiao, Qu Rui, Shi Kan, Qin Yi, Liu Yanlin, Song Yuyang. Managing volatile acidity and aroma of Petit Manseng wine using Torulaspora delbruekii[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2021,37(7):293-300. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2021.07.036

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-21
  • 最后修改日期:2021-03-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-11
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