Rural settlements are comprehensive carriers of rural social and economic activities, and their layout optimization is an important means to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. In order to reasonably optimize the spatial layout of rural settlements in Farming-pastoral Zone and comprehensively promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, this study takes the town of Kekeyiligeng Town (Ke Town) in Wuchuan County as an example, the internal logic of rural revitalization, population flow and spatial layout optimization of rural settlements is defined by taking the rural development elements as a link; Based on this, firstly, the rural settlements in the characteristic protection list and urban construction land expansion boundary are identified as characteristic protection category and suburban integration category respectively; secondly, the five dimensions of industry, talents, culture, environment and organization are used to construct Secondly, the evaluation index system of the comprehensive influence of rural settlement revitalization factors was constructed in five dimensions: industry, talents, culture, environment and organization, to evaluate the factor endowment of each settlement; the degree centrality index of the social network analysis method was used to classify the settlement network structure level and reflect the factor flow capacity. The combination of the comprehensive influence of rural revitalization and the degree of centrality characteristics was used to delineate the types of spatial layout optimization of rural settlements in Ke town, analyze the endogenous power development problems of each type and propose their respective optimization paths. The results show that: 1) The full realization of rural revitalization requires the scientific allocation of all elements in the countryside, and population flow, as an important link in the flow of elements, plays a key role in the rational allocation of various elements. 2) The evaluation results show the distribution characteristics of "high in the south and low in the north, high in the middle and low at the edges", with an obvious bipolar pattern; 3) The overall degree centrality of centralization of rural settlements in Ke town is low, and settlements with low degree centrality of centralization are widely distributed, accounting for 52.67% of the total area. 4) Based on the comprehensive influence of factors and the degree of centrality, the settlements in Ke town are classified into the categories of characteristic protection type (9), suburban integration type (20), agglomeration promotion type (40), in-situ observation type (24) and relocation merge type (87). The results of the study can serve as a reference for optimizing the spatial layout of rural settlements under the rural revitalization strategy.