废弃混凝土对水中重金属铜和铅的吸附特性
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国家自然科学基金项目(52078108);吉林省科技厅中青年科技创新领军人才及团队项目(20210509058RQ);吉林省教育厅科学研究项目(JJKH20210103KJ)


Adsorption characteristics of waste concrete on the heavy metals copper and lead in water
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    摘要:

    工业废水的直接或间接排放导致中国自然水体受重金属污染程度较高,对重金属污水处理刻不容缓,但现有重金属去除方法普遍存在工艺过于复杂或投资高等缺点。由于废弃混凝土颗粒含有水泥水化产物和未水化的水泥颗粒,具有一定的活性和较高的比表面积,因此该研究拟尝试采用废弃混凝土颗粒作为重金属污染水的吸附材料。通过重金属浸出试验发现,重金属浸出量与废弃混凝土粒径相关,粒径越大,重金属析出量越小。基于试验数据以及《国家污水综合排放标准》的排放阈值要求,最终确定了废弃混凝土颗粒材料的最佳选取粒径。随后,通过静态吸附试验,重点考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、重金属初始质量浓度对废弃混凝土吸附重金属铜和铅的影响。结果表明:铜和铅在废弃混凝土上的吸附是一个先快速而后缓慢的过程,在100 min基本达到吸附平衡,且废弃混凝土对铜和铅的吸附量随铜和铅初始质量浓度的升高而提高,去除率则随着铜和铅初始质量浓度的升高而降低,随着废弃混凝土用量的升高而提高。废弃混凝土对铜和铅的吸附符合Langmiur等温吸附模型,拟合得到的最大吸附量分别为40.75和86.73 mg/g;准二阶动力学模型更适合描述废弃混凝土对铜和铅的吸附过程,说明控制吸附速率的主要是化学吸附。与其他常见的天然吸附剂材料相比,废弃混凝土对水中重金属铜和铅具有良好的吸附性能,可以作为吸附材料来处理含铜和铅的污染水。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: The direct or indirect discharge of industrial wastewater leads to the high degree of pollution of heavy metals in Chinese natural water resources. The removal of heavy metals sewage is a problem that is exigent to be solved. However, existing heavy metal removal methods are generally found to be too complicated or expensive. Because the waste concrete particles contain cement hydration products and unhydrated cement particles, which have a certain activity and a high specific surface area. This paper tries to use the waste concrete particles as the adsorption material of water polluted by heavy metals. Through the heavy metals leaching test, it is found that the heavy metal leaching capacity is related to the particle size of the waste concrete. The larger the particle size is, the smaller the heavy metal leaching capacity is. Based on the test data and the discharge threshold requirements of the National Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard, the optimal selected particle size of the waste concrete particle material is finally determined. Then, by the static adsorption test, the effect of the adsorption time, the adsorbent dosage and the initial mass concentration of heavy metal on the adsorption of heavy metals copper and lead in waste concrete are mainly investigated. The result shows that the adsorption time, waste concrete dosage and initial concentration of heavy metal copper and lead will affect the adsorption properties of waste concrete. With the increase of adsorption time, the adsorption of two heavy metals copper and lead shows a trend of increasing first and then stabilizing. In the first 100 min, the adsorption of copper and lead quickly reached the equilibrium. With the increase of the initial mass concentration of copper and lead, the removal rate of the two heavy metal gradually decreases, and the adsorption capacity gradually increases and then stabilizes. When the initial mass concentration is less than 150 mg/L, the adsorption capacity for heavy metal copper is positively correlated, while heavy metal lead is positively correlated at the initial mass concentration of 200 mg/L. However, with the increase of waste concrete dosage, the removal rate of the two heavy metals copper and lead increases first and then stabilized. The adsorption of heavy metals copper and lead on waste concrete conforms to the Langmiur isothermal adsorption model, and the maximum adsorption capacity obtains 40.75 and 86.73 mg/g respectively; the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is more suitable for describing the adsorption process of heavy metals copper and lead on waste concrete, which indicating that the adsorption rate is controlled by chemisorption. Compared with other common adsorbent materials, the maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metals lead and copper on the waste concrete is much higher than natural zeolite and palygorskite, while the maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal copper is lower than activated carbon. However, based on the price, the recycling price of waste concrete is still far lower than the market price of activated carbon even if the processing cost caused by crushing. This also reflects that the waste concrete has good adsorption capacity for the heavy metals copper and lead, which can be used as an adsorption material to treat the wastewater containing heavy metals copper and lead.

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陈榕,魏彤,刘畅,郝冬雪.废弃混凝土对水中重金属铜和铅的吸附特性[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(24):188-196. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2022.24.021

Chen Rong, Wei Tong, Liu Chang, Hao Dongxue. Adsorption characteristics of waste concrete on the heavy metals copper and lead in water[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2022,38(24):188-196. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2022.24.021

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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-11
  • 最后修改日期:2022-11-30
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-01-20
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