紫甘蓝花青素智能指示膜的制备及其在牛乳新鲜度监测中应用
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四川省科技厅创新苗子工程资助项目(2021106)和四川省科技厅项目(2020YFN0147)资助


Preparation of intelligent indicator film based on purple cabbage anthocyanidin for monitoring milk freshness
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    摘要:

    为研究不同紫甘蓝花青素含量对大豆分离蛋白基智能指示膜性能的影响,提高指示膜的综合包装性能,考察指示膜对巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度的监测效果。以大豆分离蛋白(Soy Protein Isolate,SPI)为原料,添加紫甘蓝花青素(Purple Cabbage Anthocyanins,PCA)制备指示膜,对其结构、热性能、机械性能、色度及其稳定性和pH敏感性进行表征和分析,并将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中。结果表明:相对于SPI/Na2SO4膜,含有质量分数4%紫甘蓝花青素的指示膜,拉伸强度从2.46 MPa增加到3.77 MPa,断裂伸长率从105.36%增加到131.96%;与标准白的色差从21.13增加到52.88,指示膜明度降低,色度偏黄绿色,结晶温度比SPI/Na2SO4膜升高。指示膜的色度在常温下5 d内不出现可视性色差,但pH敏感性强。将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中,指示膜的颜色随着牛乳变质由绿变红,指示膜与原始膜的色差变化与巴氏杀菌乳的pH值变化呈相反趋势,且色差可见。因此,该指示膜具有监测巴氏杀菌乳腐败过程的潜力,应用前景广阔。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: A pH-colorimetric film is one of the most important indicators to acquire straightforward information by the visible color changes without opening packages in the food industry. Among them, purple cabbage anthocyanins (PCA) can be expected to serve as a natural anthocyanin pigment with high pH sensitivity. Different color changes can be easily observed in the pH variation, due to the unique structure. The PCA color can be changed from dark to light red in the acid solutions (pH=2-4) as the dominant flavylium cation. At pH level of 5-6, the flavylium cation can react with the hydrogen, and then transform into the carbinol pseudobase (colorless) or chalcone (colorless) and appeared pink. The quinoidal base can also be established with the increase of pH (7-8). Subsequently, the anion quinoidal (blue) is dominant in the alkalinity pH (9-10). The color can turn greenish-blue for the anionic quinoidal base (blue) that is synthesized at pH 11. Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) (a byproduct of the soybean oil industry) can be used to characterize by its low cost, high biodegradability, biocompatible, and excellent film-forming properties. Also, the SPI, as a natural material is easy to fuse with the purple cabbage anthocyanins. Hence, the SPI can be selected as a film-forming material. However, the SPI films share relatively low mechanical properties and thermal stability, due to the hydrophilic bonds (-OH, -NH2, -COOH, and -SH) in the film matrix. The typical C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton structure in anthocyanins can contain two benzoyl rings and oxygenated hexameric heterocycles with the cations (a typical 2-phenyl-benzopyran cation structure). Two typical and highly reactive structural in the PCA molecules can cross-link with the SPI molecules via the hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, in order to form the homogeneity and low surface roughness of films, due mainly to the excellent fusibility and compatibility of PCA and SPI, indicating the improved mechanical properties and pH sensitivity of SPI/PCA indicator films. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize the SPI/PCA-based pH-indicator films with a uniform structure, excellent mechanical properties, and strong pH sensitivity, and then apply them to monitor the freshness of pasteurized milk. FTIR and SEM demonstrated that the PCA was successfully dispersed in the SPI film matrix, and then interacted with the SPI molecules under electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. In SEM micro graphs, the number of small particles was observed to float on the surface, while small holes were in the section of indicator films with the overdose PCA. The highest limitation of the fusion degree of PCA with SPI was 4%. PCA significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of indicator films. The tensile strength of indicator films increased by 53.25% (from 2.46 to 3.77 MPa), and the elongation at break increased by 25.25% (from 105.36% to 131.96%), compared with the SPI/Na2SO4 film. The thermal stability of indicator films with the PCA was similar to the SPI films (167 to 194℃). The color difference (ΔE) of indicator films with the PCA from the standard white increased from 21.13 to 52.88. L value, where the indicator film was yellowish-green. The indicator films presented strong chromatic stability without the visible color difference within 5 days at room temperature. A high pH sensitivity was found with the visible color difference under different pH values. Two properties were beneficial to monitor the freshness of the indicator film. The indicator films were also applied to monitor the milk. The color was then changed from green to red, together with the freshness deterioration of pasteurized milk. Also, the color difference with the initial film was visibility (ΔE≥5) at any time. Hence, purple cabbage anthocyanins were used to promote the indicator function of pure SPI films. The indicator films can be used to monitor the freshness of pasteurized milk via color change. Therefore, the indicator films can be widely expected to apply in intelligent packaging, due mainly to excellent pH-sensitive properties and color stability. The finding can provide insightful ideas to design and produce SPI/PCA-based pH-indicator films.

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陈赛艳,赵正禾,胥小清,余惠容,何宾宾,刘潍,王璐瑶,冀俊杰.紫甘蓝花青素智能指示膜的制备及其在牛乳新鲜度监测中应用[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(24):228-236. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2022.24.025

Chen Saiyan, Zhao Zhenghe, Xu Xiaoqing, Yu Huirong, He Binbin, Liu Wei, Wang Luyao, Ji Junjie. Preparation of intelligent indicator film based on purple cabbage anthocyanidin for monitoring milk freshness[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2022,38(24):228-236. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.2022.24.025

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-01
  • 最后修改日期:2022-09-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-01-20
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