添加玉米秸秆对胡萝卜尾菜堆肥过程的影响
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X713

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山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QD038);中央引导地方科技发展专项(22-1-3-7-zyyd-nsh);山东特色作物种植区肥料施用性能研究(20220045)


Effects of adding maize stover on the process of carrot waste composting
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    摘要:

    为解决规模化胡萝卜种植过程尾菜处理难的问题,在通风速率为0.05 m3/min的条件下,探讨不同添加比例的玉米秸秆对胡萝卜尾菜堆肥过程中腐熟度、气体排放和酶活性的影响。通过分析腐熟度、气体排放和酶活性之间的响应关系,确定最优辅料添加比例,以期实现胡萝卜尾菜无害化、资源化利用。结果表明:不同胡萝卜尾菜好氧堆肥产品均能满足种子发芽率指数≥70%的无害化标准;NH3和CO2排放集中在前7 d,排放速率主要受温度、pH值等理化性质影响,同时鸡粪的添加导致NH3 累积排放量增加,不添加任何辅料的胡萝卜尾菜单独堆肥处理(CK)其CO2 排放速率最高; 胡萝卜尾菜单独堆肥处理(CK)及7.5%秸秆添加处理(T1)在堆肥期间含水率较高,易产生渗滤液;通过相关性热图、冗余分析对5个处理的气体排放、腐熟度、酶活性进行显著性、相关性分析,进一步证实NH3、CO2的排放与温度呈正相关,与pH值呈负相关关系;同时过氧化氢酶与腐熟度指标有显著正相关关系,纤维素酶活性影响堆肥产品的腐熟度。因此,胡萝卜尾菜好氧堆肥过程中,添加15%玉米秸秆辅料(T2)可以提高C/N比、孔隙度,降低渗滤液产出,同时CO2 排放量较胡萝卜尾菜单独堆肥(CK)降低6.63%。该研究可为胡萝卜尾菜无害化和资源化利用提供技术支持。

    Abstract:

    The disposal of vegetables waste can be a serious challenge in large-scale carrot planting. This study aims to clarify the effects of the different proportions of corn stalks on the maturity, gas emission, and enzyme activity in the composting of carrot wastes. A systematic analysis was also implemented to determine the response relationship among the maturity, gas emission and enzyme activity in the condition of a ventilation rate of 0.05 m3/min. The optimal proportion of excipients was then determined to realize the harmless and resource utilization of carrot wastes. The results showed that the composting products of different carrot wastes fully met the harmless standard of seed germination rate index (≥70 %). The emissions of NH3 and CO2 were also concentrated in the first seven days. The emission rate depended mainly on the physical and chemical properties, such as reaction temperature and pH values. Meanwhile, the addition of chicken manure resulted in the highest cumulative emission of NH3. The single composting of carrot waste without any auxiliary materials (CK) obtained the highest CO2 emission rate. There was a higher water content of carrot waste composting treatment (CK) and 7.5% straw addition treatment (T1) during composting, which was easy to produce leachate. The correlation and redundancy analysis was performed on the gas emission, maturity, and enzyme activity of all treatments. It was further confirmed that the emission of NH3 and CO2 was positively correlated with the temperature, but negatively correlated with pH. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between catalase and maturity index. At the same time, the cellulase activity dominated the maturity of compost products. Therefore, the CO2 emission from adding 15% straw auxiliary material (T2) was 14.83% lower than that of carrot vegetable waste composting alone (CK). The C/N ratio and porosity increased, whereas, the leachate output was reduced in the aerobic composting of carrot vegetables waste. Thus, the addition of 15% corn stalks (T2) reduced the leachate output and the emissions of NH3 or CO2 but increased the C/N and porosity. This finding can provide technical support for the resource utilization of carrot waste.

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许淑妮,冯晓璐,陈延玲,李赟.添加玉米秸秆对胡萝卜尾菜堆肥过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(11):230-237. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202302115

XU Shuni, FENG Xiaolu, CHEN Yanling, LI Yun. Effects of adding maize stover on the process of carrot waste composting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2023,39(11):230-237. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202302115

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-21
  • 最后修改日期:2023-06-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-06-30
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