Clarifying the impact of different management measures on grassland soil quality is of great significance for grassland scientific management. In order to clarify the effects of different management measures on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and soil quality of desert steppe in arid windy sandy areas, take desert steppe in arid windy sandy area of eastern Ningxia as object, study the impact of four different management measures - grazing enclosure (GE), warm season rotational grazing (WG), free grazing (FG) and Caragana korshinskii cultivation (CC) on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm, 20～30 cm and 30～40 cm soil layers, analyze the correlations between soil factors, use minimum data set (MDS) and soil quality index (SQI) to evaluate the soil quality comprehensive situation of grasslands under different management measures. The results showed that: (ⅰ) Soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content, available potassium content and soil water content of the grazing enclosure grasslands and warm season rotational grazing grasslands were generally higher than those of the free grazing grasslands and Caragana korshinskii cultivation grasslands. While the soil bulk density and soil available phosphorus content were opposite. Soil microbial biomass C, N, P were generally higher in the free grazing grasslands, and lower in the Caragana korshinskii cultivation grasslands. The changes in soil cellobiohydrolase activity - alkaline phosphatase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity and peroxidase activity of grasslands under different management methods were inconsistent. (ⅱ) The soil physical, chemical and biological properties interacted with each other, together affecting and determining the soil quality of desert steppe. Soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content and peroxidase activity were significantly positively related to each other, and all significantly negatively related to soil bulk density and available phosphorus content. Soil total nitrogen content was significantly negatively related to soil microbial biomass C. Soil total phosphorus content was significantly negatively related to soil alkaline phosphatase activity. Soil available phosphorus content was significantly positively related to soil microbial biomass C, microbial biomass P, cellobiohydrolase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity. Soil available potassium content, microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, microbial biomass P, cellobiohydrolase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly positively related to each other. Soil available potassium content was significantly negatively related to soil polyphenol oxidase activity. (ⅲ) The MDS included soil organic carbon content, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, microbial biomass N, cellobiohydrolase activity and soil water content. Through verification, the MDS could replace the TDS in evaluating soil quality of desert steppe under different management methods. Based on the MDS evaluation, the SQI of desert steppe under different management methods showed a trend of grazing enclosure grasslands ＞ warm season rotational grazing grasslands ＞ free grazing grasslands ＞ Caragana korshinskii cultivation grasslands. The research suggested that, in desert steppe of arid windy sandy areas, management measures caused changes in soil quality, and the soil physical, chemical and biological properties exhibited relatively consistent changes. The measures of grazing enclosure and warm season rotational grazing were more conducive to maintaining soil nutrients and improving soil quality than free grazing and Caragana korshinskii cultivation. Therefore, it was recommended to adopt scientific management measures based on grassland ecological status. A certain period of grazing enclosure management could be implemented for degraded grasslands, while reasonable grazing utilization could be carried out for ecologically restored grasslands, which were conducive to soil sustainable development of desert steppe in arid windy sandy areas.