间歇通风策略在西北地区夏季蛋鸡舍应用效果
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S831.7

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国家自然科学基金项目(32272925);国家现代农业产业技术体系(蛋鸡)专项(CARS-40);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2024TC051)


Evaluating the intermittent ventilation of summer poultry house in Northwest China
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    摘要:

    在中国西北地区夏季蛋鸡养殖中,由于昼夜温差显著,需对蛋鸡舍的通风换气量进行频繁调整以适应环境变化。在连续通风策略下,对风机运转数量的调整常导致舍内负压值的较大波动,并且难以实时准确的通过进风口来调控舍内负压水平,导致舍内温度波动大、热环境分布不均匀。为探究间歇通风策略在西北地区夏季蛋鸡舍的应用效果,该研究在两栋不同进风模式的商品代蛋鸡舍进行试验。通过对两栋鸡舍内温湿度、风速及内外压差的连续监测,对比间歇通风和连续通风策略下,侧墙小窗进风及纵向通风鸡舍内的热环境分布,并对风机的间歇调控策略进行分析。结果表明:间歇通风策略下,侧墙小窗进风和纵向通风鸡舍内的平均温度波动分别为0.6、0.7 ℃,水平方向最大温差分别为0.3、5.2 ℃;连续通风策略下,侧墙小窗进风和纵向通风鸡舍内的平均温度波动分别为;1.2、1.0 ℃,水平方向最大温差分别为0.8、4.7 ℃。开启风机数量相同时,两栋鸡舍内外压差和风速均不随通风策略的改变而发生变化,侧墙小窗进风鸡舍风机相对山墙至风机排风端的内外压差由17 Pa增大至19 Pa,纵向通风鸡舍相对山墙处舍内外压差为11 Pa;侧墙小窗进风鸡舍平均进风风速和走道平均风速分别为3.30、0.49 m/s,与纵向通风鸡舍相比分别提高1.86、0.12 m/s。综合间歇和连续通风策略下两栋鸡舍内热环境情况,间歇通风策略应用于西北地区夏季蛋鸡舍可有效降低舍内温度波动并维持舍内外压差水平的稳定,间歇通风策略更适用于侧墙小窗进风式鸡舍,可提高舍内温度分布均匀性。

    Abstract:

    Heat stress has posed a significant threat to the laying hens inside the poultry houses in the Northwest region of China. Significant non-uniformities can be found in the thermal distribution and temperature variations in summer. The ventilation system has been the primary measure to regulate the thermal environment in the poultry houses. Excellent airflow arrangement and ventilation strategies are essential for the ventilation efficiency. Still, the continuous operation of fans can inevitably generate the excessive local cold air, thereby wasting the electrical energy for the high cost of environmental control. Alternatively, intermittent ventilation can serve as an efficient way to improve ventilation effectiveness with energy saving. However, it is notably limited to applying to the summer poultry houses so far. In this study, a novel intermittent ventilation was introduced to alleviate the significant temperature fluctuations and ensure the high stability of the thermal environment in the summer poultry houses. According to the internal air temperature, the fan operations were performed on the conventional tunnel-ventilated poultry houses (control house, CH) and sidewall inlets poultry houses (experimental house, EH). Specifically, the fans were regulated, when the temperature exceeded the upper limit. Once the temperature dropped below the lower limit temperature, the fans were deactivated simultaneously, which was different from the continuous operations of fans throughout the summer. The thermal environment was monitored in the operation periods of intermittent ventilation. The environmental conditions inside the poultry houses were also evaluated. The results revealed that the average internal temperatures of experimental and control poultry houses were 25.3 and 26.5 °C, respectively, under the same external environmental temperatures; While the average relative humidity were 65.8% and 62.7%, respectively. The temperature fluctuations during the EH and CH's intermittent and continuous ventilation were 0.6 and 0.7 °C, 1.2 and 1.0 °C, respectively. The maximal difference of temperature in the horizontal direction of EH and CH were 0.3 and 5.2, 0.8 and 4.7 °C, respectively. Temperature variations were assessed in the four-hour intervals. The EH consistently demonstrated more minor temperature fluctuations than the CH when the fans were operated intermittently. The horizontal temperature difference was less than that in the continuous operation in EH. There was no difference in pressure and air velocity under the intermittent and continuous ventilation in the same number of fans. The pressure difference between the interior and the evaporative cooling pad buffer room increased from 17 to 19 Pa from the fan opposite wall to the fan. Average air velocity at the sidewall inlets and along the aisles in the EH were 3.30 and 0.49 m/s, respectively, which were higher by 1.86 and 0.12 m/s, compared with the CH. Therefore, the intermittent ventilation was suitable for the sidewall inlets, to improve the thermal environment within the poultry house significantly. There was great potential for widespread adoption in the Northwest region of China in the summer. The lifespan of the fan was extended for the maximal economic benefits. The intermittent operation times of fans should be determined according to the local climate, poultry houses’ ventilation requirements and the poultry houses’ size. This finding can provide a foundational reference for designing and adjusting the intermittent ventilation in summer poultry houses in the Northwest region of China.

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陈辰,王阳,彭海青,李保明,万代富,李德义,郑炜超.间歇通风策略在西北地区夏季蛋鸡舍应用效果[J].农业工程学报,2024,40(18):184-193. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202402087

CHEN Chen, WANG Yang, PENG Haiqing, LI Baoming, WAN Daifu, LI Deyi, ZHENG Weichao. Evaluating the intermittent ventilation of summer poultry house in Northwest China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2024,40(18):184-193. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202402087

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 最后修改日期:2024-08-14
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-11
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