超高压在植物活性物质提取中的应用研究进展
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TS255

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上海市农产品保鲜加工专业技术服务平台项目(21DZ2292200);上海工程技术研究中心项目(19DZ2251600)


Research progress of ultra-high pressure on the extraction of plant active substances
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    摘要:

    植物中含有多种活性物质,并具有抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节、抗炎等多重功效,如何从植物中快速、高效、环保地提取活性物质一直以来是食品、医药、化妆品等行业最重要的研究领域之一。超高压技术作为一种非热加工技术,近年来被广泛研究用于食品加工、提取等方面。超高压提取技术的应用提高了植物活性物质的提取率,缩短了提取时间,可作为一种替代传统固液萃取植物活性化合物的方法。该文重点综述了超高压技术的发展历程及其在植物提取方面的发展应用,超高压提取原理与提取工艺,及其在黄酮、多酚、多糖等多种活性物质提取中的应用,与传统热回流提取方法相比,超高压提取技术可以在常温或较低温度下进行,可有效缩短提取时间,提高生物活性,降低能耗。但超高压在提取植物活性物质方面的应用还面临超高压提取理论基础不完善,提取物生物活性研究有待深入、设备成本高等诸多挑战,有必要探索超高压与其他提取方法相结合的协同提取作用,进一步揭示该技术所涉及的工作机制,以期为深入应用超高压技术提取植物活性物质提供理论参考。

    Abstract:

    There are various sources of plant-active substances with biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory. It is very necessary to rapidly, efficiently, and environmentally friendly extract these active substances in the food, medicine, and cosmetics industries. Among them, ultra-high pressure (UHP) with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has been widely applied in food non-thermal processing and extraction in recent years. The UHP can be expected to extract the plant active substances for the higher extraction yield and lower extraction time, compared with the traditional solid-liquid extraction. This review aims to introduce the development of UHP in food processing, in order to extract the flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins. The principles, processes, and applications were also covered to extract the various active substances, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins. The assisted UHP extraction included the three stages: pressure boost, holding, and relief stage, which determined the extraction performance of UHP. Since the UHP tended to destroy the raw tissues, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelles, the solvents were penetrated into tissue cells to dissolve the soluble components for the high mass transfer and the release rate of cell contents. UHP processing included raw material pretreatment, sample treatment, UHP extraction, separation, and purification. The efficiency of UHP extraction depended on the operating conditions. The solvent, pressure level, and extraction temperature were the three most important parameters of the performance of UHP extraction. Furthermore, the UHP extraction was still an effective way to extract polysaccharides, although there were some effects on the structure and biological activity of polysaccharides. Compared with the traditional heat reflux extraction, the UHP extraction was carried out at room temperature or lower temperature, in order to reduce the impact of heat. The simple, rapid, and efficient UHP extraction effectively shortened the extraction time to improve the biological activity for energy saving. A huge market prospect and development potential were found in the UHP-assisted extraction. Previous studies were focused mainly on the extraction optimization and mechanism. Only a relatively few studies explored the performance of antioxidant, antibacterial, and biological activities in the active substances after UHP extraction. And even fewer studies were focused on in vivo antioxidant activities. Many challenges also remained in the UHP application to extract the active substances, such as the imperfect theoretical basis of UHP extraction and high equipment cost. It is necessary to explore the synergistic extraction of UHP combined with other extraction methods. The safer, larger volume and lower cost of UHP equipment can be developed to explore the influence of UHP extraction on the biological activity and antioxidant effect of active substances, particularly the mechanisms behind them. The finding can be expected to promote the wide application and sustainable development of UHP extraction in various fields.

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王菁,乔勇进,柳洪入,王晓,叶章颖,林思敏,王春芳.超高压在植物活性物质提取中的应用研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2024,40(18):272-282. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202401242

WANG Jing, QIAO Yongjin, LIU Hongru, WANG Xiao, YE Zhangying, LIN Simin, WANG Chunfang. Research progress of ultra-high pressure on the extraction of plant active substances[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2024,40(18):272-282. DOI:10.11975/j. issn.1002-6819.202401242

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
  • 最后修改日期:2024-04-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-11
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